A literature review and field study¹ conducted by Landesa Indonesia over the past two years have shown that regulations on spatial planning and land affairs can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Landesa Indonesia believes that the 3R concept (Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities) in land tenure allocation can effectively bridge land administration regulations with spatial planning. Implementing this concept ensures that land tenure allocation not only considers spatial planning, but also protects the environment, including coastal water areas such as mangrove ecosystems. Along with incentive and disincentive schemes, the 3R concept can ultimately support the climate change mitigation and adaptation agenda.